I love to bash Honda, from 2007 CRF450R sales bulletin:
New smaller exhaust valve for improved flow and smoother power delivery.
Right, as everyone knows, people who seek more power put smaller valves to head so it would flow better
I guess small exhaust valve had most to do with emissions, also part of above is true as closing small exhaust valve does not upset swirl of mixture as much and could help to burn fuel better, but I doubt that benefits of that are exceeding disadvantages when focusing to power and torque.
Longer manifold runner give more low end torque only because of those intake pulses (when intake valve is closed, it send pressure wave towards intake manifold, which runs back and forth, there is certain rpms where pulse arrives back to intake valve when it is open making more air to go into engine) having smaller frequency as air has to travel longer distance, thus optimum rpms are lower. It is not because of intake being more restrictive in that case.
But there is lot that I don't know, but I know that air that goes in has to come out, if there is restriction at some point there won't be so much air and it is possible to add only little fuel to air, more fuel is not helping, so engine has to work in balance.
Volvo 360GL -88 -under restoration-
Volvo 343DL vario -81 -running-

Volvo 240 Diesel -83 -undecided-
Citroen ZX Dturbo -97 -daily-

